The aim of the passive house concept is to construct a house that comes as close as possible to heating and cooling itself in a passive manner, thus removing the need for a conventional heating/cooling system.

A passive house should anly require a small back-up heat source which may be required in extremely cold weather. This can result in a massive energy saving considering that up to 70% of a typical home’s energy cost will be spent on heating the space within the home.

The aim of Passive Housing is to minimise energy loss while maximising the amount of energy used from natural and renewable sources. The key element is achieving this is the design ofthe passive houseto combine the principles of passive solar building with a well insulated and air tight building perimiter.

Heating for cold days is provided by raising the temperature of the ventilation air using an efficient heat recovery ventilation system, through which the warm moist air exiting the house will pre-heat the incoming cold fresh air.

The concept of the Passive House originated in Germany in the early 1990s. and aims to provide comfortable living conditions while ensuring greatly reduced energy consumption. The ultimate Passive House design seeks to achieve ‘zero carbon’ output.

Based on current oil prices and on a 1100 square foot house, a Passive House will have an annual heating bill of between €100 and €200 which is a saving of almost 80% versus what you would expect to pay for heating a typical newly built home.

Enormous energy savings like this are achieved through the two main pillars of Passive House design;

1. super insulation of the building fabric to minimise heat loss, and 2. maximising free heat gains through passive solar techniques and optimal orientation of the house as a whole.

The overall effect of a Passive House will be to greatly reduce energy consumption and thus carbon emissions and in doing so will lead to your home achieving the best possible’ A’ rating on its BER certificate. Any additional costs incurred during the construction of the house in providing a superinsulated and airtight home with adequate heat recovery ventilation is likely to be rapidly paid back through energy savings especially as oil prices rise.

To meet the performance standards required to be considered a passive house, the annual net heating requirement must be less than 15 kilowatt hours per square meter of living space per year. To put this in perspective a standard house built in accordance with the 2007 building regulations in Ireland would typically have an energy consumption value of 100kWh/m2 per annum or even more. This figure is more than six times the passive house standard of just 15kWh/m2 per annum.

The maximum annual energy input for a passive house is set at 42 kWh/m2/yr. The typical; nonpassive house built under the 2007 regulation would be expected to have an annual total energy consumption of about 150 kWh/nl/yr, which is over three and a half times the total energy consumption of the passive house.

It can thus be seen that Passive Houses are extremely efficient in terms of energy consumption and, assuming quality design and workmanship, are still capable of providing high levels of comfort.

In addition to meeting the standards required to be considered “passive”, further investment in wind/solar or geothermal technology has seen examples where the energy consumption of a house can be negative with a net energy output.

1. Turn Down Thermostats

The reasons for this are worth a whole article on their own but turning your thermostat down by just one degree will make very little difference to your comfort and a big difference to your cost and carbon footprint.

2. Switch OFF the lights and other appliances!

OK, lights aren’t the biggest consumers of electricity BUT they are the electrical appliances that are left on for the longest time in any house. A 100w bulb left on unecessarily for 2 hours a day will use the same amount of electricity in a week as the average kettle boiling non stop for 30 whole minutes. In a year thats the same as a kettle boiling for 26 hours.
Other appliances when left on standby can consume similar amounts of electricity.

3. Close Curtains at Night

This seems kind of obvious but when the temperature drops significantly at night, a considerable amount of heat is lost through the glass (even if it’s double/triple glazed). If you close blinds AND curtains as early as possible in the evening, you help to retain this heat and lessen the burden on your heating appliances.

4. Position fridges & freezers in cool places – away from heaters and direct sunlight

The less burden you put on the appliance’s cooling system, the less elctricity it will use. Also, always make sure that the doors are sealing correctly so warm air is not leaking into the appliance.

5. Fix leaking taps

If a hot tap has a drip, however slow, then the flow is causing cold water to enter your hot water cylinder unnecessarily lowering the temperature.
If you live in a house with its own pumped water source then leaking cold taps also cause energy costs as the pump must run more often.

6. Use timers for hot water and/or heating

If you have timers on your hot water or heating systems, USE THEM!
The amount of energy wasted heating rooms, houses or water when there is no need can be huge.

None of the above tips is ground-breaking, nor will it improve the rating given by a  BER Assessor , however every small step can add up to a large saving over a full winter. If you improve your energy consumption at home by cutting out energy wastage, you will benefit even more from changes that do affect BER ratings such as insulation, efficient boilers etc.